Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as a key technology for enabling the Internet of Things (IoT), facilitating data collection and monitoring across diverse applications. For battery-powered IoT deployments, extending the operational range of WSNs is crucial to minimize maintenance requirements and coverage gaps. This necessitates the exp

The industrial Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly expanding, requiring increasingly sophisticated and robust sensor networks. Conventional wireless technologies often fall short in providing the necessary range, low power consumption, and cost-effectiveness required for widespread deployment in harsh industrial environments. This is where LoRaWAN